Aide-mémoire des patterns en chandeliers
Les figures de chandeliers comptent parmi les outils les plus anciens et les plus utilisés de l’analyse technique. Issues du négoce du riz au Japon au 18e siècle, ces formations d’une ou plusieurs bougies illustrent le rapport de force entre acheteurs et vendeurs sur une période donnée.
Chaque bougie synthétise quatre prix – ouverture, plus haut, plus bas et clôture – dans une seule unité visuelle. Le corps montre l’écart entre l’ouverture et la clôture, tandis que les mèches indiquent toute l’amplitude des cours. Lorsque les bougies forment des séquences reconnaissables, les traders s’en servent pour anticiper les mouvements probables à venir.
Cet aide-mémoire couvre les 18 patterns en chandeliers essentiels, répartis en trois catégories : Retournement haussier patterns qui signalent un possible mouvement à la hausse après une tendance baissière, Retournement baissier patterns qui avertissent d'un possible retournement à la baisse après une tendance haussière, et Neutres / Continuation patterns qui indiquent une indécision du marché ou une continuation de la tendance.
Consultez cet aide-mémoire en parallèle de vos graphiques pour reconnaître les formations en un coup d’œil. Téléchargez le PDF gratuit afin de le garder à portée de main pendant vos séances de trading. Pour vous entraîner, le Pipster Pattern Lab vous permet de tester votre capacité à reconnaître de véritables figures chartistes avant d’engager du capital.
Retournement haussier
Hammer
A Hammer forms at the bottom of a downtrend with a small body near the top and a long lower shadow at least 2x the body height. It indicates that sellers drove prices down during the session but buyers regained control, signaling potential bullish reversal.
Inverted Hammer
An Inverted Hammer appears at the bottom of a downtrend with a long upper shadow and small body near the low. Despite looking like a Shooting Star, its downtrend context makes it a bullish reversal signal — buyers attempted to push higher during the session.
Bullish Engulfing
A Bullish Engulfing pattern forms at the bottom of a downtrend when a large green candle completely engulfs the body of the prior small red candle. The dramatic shift from selling to buying pressure signals strong bullish reversal potential.
Bullish Harami
A Bullish Harami forms in a downtrend when a small green candle fits entirely within the body of the preceding large red candle. The containment suggests selling pressure has diminished and a reversal may follow.
Tweezer Bottoms
Tweezer Bottoms form at the bottom of a downtrend when two consecutive candles reach approximately the same low price. The first is bearish, the second is bullish, indicating strong support at that level and potential reversal.
Morning Star
A Morning Star is a three-candle bullish reversal pattern in a downtrend: a large red candle, followed by a small-bodied candle (doji or spinning top) that gaps down, then a large green candle that closes well into the first candle's body. The middle candle represents the turning point.
Three White Soldiers
Three White Soldiers is a strong bullish reversal pattern featuring three consecutive green candles, each opening within the prior candle's body and closing near its session high. The progressive higher closes show sustained buying pressure.
Bullish Abandoned Baby
A Bullish Abandoned Baby is a rare three-candle reversal pattern in a downtrend. A red candle is followed by a doji that gaps down completely (its high is below the first candle's low), then a green candle that gaps up completely from the doji. The isolated doji between two gaps is extremely rare and signals a powerful reversal.
Dragonfly Doji
A Dragonfly Doji is a specialized doji variant that appears in a downtrend. The open, close, and high are all at or near the same price, with a long lower shadow extending well below. It shows sellers pushed prices down but buyers brought them all the way back, signaling bullish reversal.
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Shooting Star
A Shooting Star forms at the top of an uptrend with a small body near the bottom and a long upper shadow. It shows that buyers pushed prices higher but sellers took control by the close, indicating potential bearish reversal.
Hanging Man
A Hanging Man appears at the top of an uptrend with a long lower shadow and small body near the high. Despite looking identical to a Hammer, its uptrend context makes it a bearish warning — sellers briefly took control during the session.
Bearish Engulfing
A Bearish Engulfing pattern forms at the top of an uptrend when a large red candle completely engulfs the body of the prior small green candle. The shift from buying to selling pressure signals bearish reversal potential.
Bearish Harami
A Bearish Harami forms in an uptrend when a small red candle fits entirely within the body of the preceding large green candle. Buying momentum has stalled and a bearish reversal may follow.
Tweezer Tops
Tweezer Tops form at the peak of an uptrend when two consecutive candles reach approximately the same high price. The first candle is bullish (continuation), the second is bearish (rejection), indicating strong resistance at that level.
Evening Star
An Evening Star is a three-candle bearish reversal pattern in an uptrend: a large green candle, followed by a small-bodied candle that gaps up, then a large red candle that closes well into the first candle's body. It is the bearish mirror of the Morning Star.
Three Black Crows
Three Black Crows is a strong bearish reversal pattern featuring three consecutive red candles, each opening within the prior candle's body and closing near its session low. The progressive lower closes show sustained selling pressure.
Neutres / Continuation
Doji
A Doji forms when opening and closing prices are virtually equal, creating a cross or plus shape. It signals market indecision and can appear in any trend context, often preceding a reversal or consolidation.
Spinning Top
A Spinning Top has a small real body with upper and lower shadows that are significantly longer than the body. Unlike a Doji, the body is visible but small, showing that neither buyers nor sellers gained the upper hand during the session.
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